北京西南部地区大气污染分析     

张薇  高迎新  李杰  杨浩丽 《气象科技》2015,43(4):734-739

近年来北京的气象特征、雾霾发生频次、能见度变化特征及特点受到越来越多的关注。利用北京西南地区代表站的能见度,通过回归分析、Mann Kendall趋势分析突变检验方法等,对近34年能见度的变化特征及突变性进行了分析研究,发现平原地区和山区日平均能见度年际变化均呈下降趋势,季节变化以春冬季能见度较好,日变化显著,平原站年均能见度在1997年前后出现突变。结合常规地面观测要素进行了相关分析,发现能见度与湿度相关性最好。利用房山区环保局提供的2013年全年污染物浓度数据,分析能见度与污染指数的关系,发现在各污染因子中,PM25同能见度的相关性最好,SO2相关性最差,为今后污染治理提供参考依据。  相似文献   

气象要素对电力污闪发生的影响     

张翠华 《干旱气象》2015,(1):180-184

利用石家庄地区1990~2013年电力污闪事故发生的详细资料,归纳整理出污闪发生的一般规律,结合诱发污闪发生的天气现象和气象要素,综合在不同气象条件下污闪发生的可能性大小,对其进行分级,给出污闪发生级别的综合预测标准,从而判定预测电力污闪发生的气象指数,并提出必要安全预防措施。结果表明:当气温15.6℃,相对湿度45%,风速4.8 m/s时天气晴朗,不会发生污闪;在相对湿度≥80%,风速≤2.0 m/s时,气温在-7.5~7.5℃时出现雾,气温在-4.5~4.5℃时出现积雪或结冰,极易发生污闪;在相对湿度≥80%,风速≤2.0 m/s,气温在-4.5~4.5℃时出现液态、混合或固态降水、轻雾,容易发生污闪。  相似文献   

海洋污染环境保障系统构建以及中子活化分析方法的可能应用     

宋军  牟林  郭俊如  刘玉龙  李欢  李静  董军兴 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(5):109-113

介绍了针对中国海域海洋污染环境保障系统的研究进展,并阐述中子活化分析(Neutron Activation Analysis,NAA)方法在其中的可能作用。该系统基于对海洋三维流场的预报与分析,对海洋污染物可能的扩散路径与影响区域、污染源头的可能位置进行推测,并结合GIS技术整合相关的环境敏感信息,为将污染物造成的危害降到最低提供决策支持。基于该系统技术的渤黄海海洋污染物预测预警系统已经实现业务化运行多年,并在中国沿海污染事故应急中多次获得成功的经验。目前,针对重金属与放射性污染物的环境保障系统正处于理论实验阶段,由于NAA方法特别适合用于对部分重金属及放射性物质的检测,因此NAA方法对实现海洋重金属及放射性污染物的监测及预测预警具有非常重要的实用价值。  相似文献   

Assessment of trace metals in droppings of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from different locations of the Antarctic Peninsula area     

Jos E Celis  Winfred Espejo  Ricardo Barra  Daniel Gonzalez-Acua  Francisca Gonzalez  Solange Jara 《极地研究(英文版)》2015,(1)

In recent decades, polar regions of the planet have witnessed an increase in human presence. Antarctica is considered one of the most pristine regions of the world, but it could be affected by pollutio...  相似文献   

Interactions between climate change and contaminants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Schiedek D  Sundelin B  Readman JW  Macdonald RW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1845-1856

There is now general consensus that climate change is a global threat and a challenge for the 21st century. More and more information is available demonstrating how increased temperature may affect aquatic ecosystems and living resources or how increased water levels may impact coastal zones and their management. Many ecosystems are also affected by human releases of contaminants, for example from land based sources or the atmosphere, which also may cause severe effects. So far these two important stresses on ecosystems have mainly been discussed independently. The present paper is intended to increase awareness among scientists, coastal zone managers and decision makers that climate change will affect contaminant exposure and toxic effects and that both forms of stress will impact aquatic ecosystems and biota. Based on examples from different ecosystems, we discuss risks anticipated from contaminants in a rapidly changing environment and the research required to understand and predict how on-going and future climate change may alter risks from chemical pollution.  相似文献   

Chain of custody as an organizing framework in seafood risk reduction     

Yasuda T  Bowen RE 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,53(10-12):640-649

Changes in the terms and direction of international trade in seafood, an increased understanding of and concern for the public health risk imposed by seafood products, and advances in information management technology combine to open opportunities to manage more effectively seafood-borne risk. Present regulatory mandates and programs lack sufficient integration for effective risk mitigation and do not adequately reflect the trans-national nature of seafood trade or the increased complexity of seafood production. This paper argues that the concept of a "chain of custody" - from the ocean to the final consumer - provides a useful integrating framework for understanding and refining efforts to reduce public health concerns surrounding the consumption of seafood.  相似文献   

ETM＋影像在滇池水体污染监测中的应用研究     

沈映政  王宏伟  李北方 《测绘软科学研究》2012,(4):49-52

针对滇池水体污染问题,通过对滇池区域ETM＋影像采用监督分类、混合像元分解等方法,得到水体的蓝藻污染、悬浮泥沙的全湖区相对丰度分布,从中确定高浓度区．达到对滇池水体监测的目的,以期对滇池水体污染进行监测、恢复区域生态脆弱区起到指导作用。  相似文献   

我国IGS基准站高程时间序列抗差功率谱估计     

张恒璟  程鹏飞  郭英 《测绘科学》2012,37(3):52-53,65

为更清晰地了解基准站高程序列的周期运动特性,本文采用抗差最小二乘迭代与功率谱估计相结合的方法,分析了我国6个IGS基准站近11年观测得到的高程时间序列数据。在功率谱分析获取准确的高程运动第一主周期项的基础上,继续抗差迭代,并分离出高程方向运动的其他主周期项和振幅,得到了主要周期项对高程方向运动能量的贡献大小,基准站高程方向具有接近一年的年周期运动和多于一年的第二主周期项运动,半周年项运动所占的比重很小。  相似文献   

Economic Development Threatens Groundwater in Puerto Rico: Results of a Field Study     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):558-569

Abstract

This report addresses the question of groundwater quality in a context of economic development and heterogeneous land use. Seven wells, each actively producing for the public water supply, and together providing 37 percent of the total aquifer production of four municipios, were tested in three topographic basins. Major land use categories, including agriculture, urbanization, and industry, were identified throughout the basins. Well samples were drawn three times during a six-month period and analyzed for a set of 15 water quality parameters including biological indicators. The most common pollutants detected were heavy metals, nitrate, arsenic, and semivolatile organic compounds. Wells surrounded by agricultural and commercial activities were contaminated by nitrate, mercury, lead, and phthalates. Wells in mixed residential and industrial settings had concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds and lead. The presence of noxious chemicals in the public water supply, even in relatively small amounts, threatens the viability of the groundwater reservoir. Both operational and policy aspects of water quality should be discussed in the context of urban and economic development.  相似文献   

基岩断层面古地震研究的主要方法与选点原则          下载免费PDF全文

邹俊杰  周永胜  何宏林  耿爽  赵家豪 《地震科学进展》2022,52(2):60-66

随着断层面形貌测量、宇宙成因核素测年、地球化学元素测定和光释光等一系列新兴技术的突破,基岩断层面在古地震研究方面的特征优势被不断发掘,日益成为国际古地震研究的热点与前沿.国内外学者从不同专业角度开展了大量的基岩断层面古地震研究,取得了一系列丰硕成果.本文在系统介绍基岩断层面古地震研究的进展、梳理归纳各类研究方法特点的基...  相似文献